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Modeling effects of a tidal barrage on water quality indicator distribution in the Severn Estuary

Guanghai GAO, Roger A. FALCONER, Binliang LIN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第2期页码 211-218 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0464-1

摘要： In this study, emphasis has focused on assessing the potential hydro-environmental impacts of a barrage across the Severn Estuary, with a numerical model being developed and applied to the estuary to assess the impacts of proposed Severn Barrage on the hydrodynamic, sediment transport and faecal indicator organism distribution within the estuary. The results show that the Severn Barrage has the potential to reduce the tidal currents in a highly dynamic estuary. This leads to the reduction of suspended sediment concentrations, which in turn affects the bacterial transport processes which is highly related to the sediment transport processes.

关键词： water quality indicator Severn Estuary numerical model tidal energy

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长江河口发育的新阶段、上海城市发展的新空间

陈吉余,蒋雪中,何青

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第6期页码 20-24

摘要：

受到第三驱动力的作用，长江河口发育模式由两侧岬角控制转变为中间依靠工程建筑向外突出的格局。这种格局的转变及利用航道疏浚土吹填，使得横沙东滩不断淤涨成陆。长江口南港南槽与北港之间的长兴岛、九段沙、横沙岛及横沙东滩组成串珠状岛链，形成长江口亚三角洲体系。横沙东滩新形成的约400 km2的土地和18 km深水岸线，加上远期建筑人工岛，可开发河口深水港区，与两侧河口湿地保护区相兼容，为上海提供城市发展的新空间。

关键词：长江口河口格局亚三角洲

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Spatial distribution of phosphorus forms in sediments with different distances to the estuary of the

Shaoyong LU, Xiangcan JIN, Fengchang WU, Jing SI, Jianning GUO,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第3期页码 295-300 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0231-0

摘要： Effects of human activity on the distribution of phosphorus (P) forms were investigated for the sediments and porewaters in Daqinghe Estuary of Dianchi Lake, China. The concentrations of total P (TP), inorganic-P (I-P), and organic-P (Org-P), and the ratio of iron-bound P (Fe-P)/calcium-bound P (Ca-P) in the sediments decreased with the increasing distance from the sampling site to the estuary. This is probably due to the flocculant materials, e.g., ferric and aluminous salts, usually being added in the wastewater treatment processes. The concentration of ammonia in the sediment porewaters significantly decreased with the increasing distance from the sampling site to the estuary. Both concentrations of total nitrogen and nitrogen in the sediment porewaters decreased to some content with the increasing distance from the sampling site to the estuary. However, the concentrations of nitrate, dissolved total P (DTP), and TP did not have strong relationship with the distances from the sampling sites to the estuary. Pollution load and water quantity also had an important influence on the concentrations of P in sediments and its interstitial water in estuary sedimentary area.

关键词： estuary sedimentary area phosphorus (P) spatial distribution human activity the Dianchi Lake

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长江口深水航道治理工程的创新

范期锦

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第12期页码 13-26

摘要：

经不断探索，依靠技术创新和严格、科学的管理，史无前例的长江口深水航道治理工程在复杂、恶劣的自然条件下取得了成功。文章论述了这一大型水运工程在设计、施工和管理方面创新的思维、作法和效果。

关键词：长江口深水航道工程管理设计施工

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50-year sedimentary record of heavy metals and their chemical speciations in the Shuangtaizi River estuary

Baolin LIU, Ke HU, Zhenglong JIANG, Fengge QU, Xin SU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第3期页码 435-444 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0352-0

摘要： Two parallel sediment cores collected from tidal flat located in the Shuangtaizi River estuary were analyzed for heavy metal concentrations and chemical speciations. Based on the Cs activity profile, mean sedimentation rate at the sampling site during the past 50 years was estimated to be 1.3 cm·a . Correlation analyses show that almost all the metals are associated with each other, suggesting that these metals might be derived from same sources and/or affected by same geochemical processes. Influence of total organic carbon (TOC) content on the concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu and Cd is evident. Silt and clay contents, instead of sand content, play an important role in the distribution of these metals. The dominant binding phases for most of the metals (except for Cd) are the residual. The relative decrease of the residual fraction of Cd and Pb in the upper 66 cm of the core is striking. The distribution of chemical fraction confirms that the residual fractions of these metals have a natural origin, while only the non-residual fractions of Cd and Pb increased upward the core due to pollution in the past five decades. Pollution assessment on these heavy metals based on Index of Geoaccumulation ( ) also demonstrates that most of the metals are unpolluted. The weak pollution as observed in the sediments is perhaps related to a local plant, the Kitag, which may have played a significant role in the biodegradation of these metals and the metal distribution in the estuary.

关键词： Shuangtaizi River estuary sediment core heavy metals pollution

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开辟长江口深水航道建立上海国际航运中心

严恺

《中国工程科学》 1999年第1卷第2期页码 30-33

摘要：

开辟长江口深水航道，在长江口内建立国际集装箱枢纽港是建成上海国际航运中心，以实现以上海浦东开发开放为龙头，尽快把上海建成国际经济、金融、贸易中心，带动长江三角洲和整个长江流域地区经济新飞跃的关键举措。在长江口南支南港的北槽采用整治与疏浚相结合的治理方案，修建双导堤和丁坝，以束水归槽，并浚深航槽，可以使长江口栏门沙滩顶水深从6m分期加深到8.5m、10m和12.5m，最终使第三、四代集装箱船可以全天候通行，第五、六代超级集装箱船和10万t级散货轮乘潮进出。同时需建设长江三角洲综合交通运输网。

关键词：长江口深水航道上海国际航运中心国际集装箱枢纽港整治与疏浚长江三角洲综合交通运输网

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characteristics of plant communities from salt marshes: A case study from Chongming Dongtan, Yangtze estuary

ZHANG Liquan, GAO Zhanguo, Armitage Richard, Kent Martin

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第2期页码 187-197 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0004-1

摘要： The spectral reflectance of recently formed salt marshes at the mouth of the Yangtze River, which are undergoing invasion by , were assessed to determine the potential utility of remotely sensed data in assessing future invasion and changes in species composition. Following a review of published research on remote sensing of salt marshes, 53 locations along three transects were sampled for paired data on plant species composition and spectral reflectance using a FieldSpec Pro JR Field Portable Spectroradiometer. Spectral data were processed concerning reflectance, and the averaged reflectance values for each sample were re-analysed to correspond to a 12-waveband bandset of the Compact Airborne Spectral Imager. The spectral data were summarised using principal components analysis (PCA) and the relationships between the vegetation composition, and the PCA axes of spectral data were examined. The first PCA axis of the reflectance data showed a strong correlation with variability in near infrared reflectance and ‘brightness’, while the second axis was correlated with visible reflectance and ‘greenness’. Total vegetation cover, vegetation height, and mudflat cover were all significantly related to the first axis. The implications of this in terms of the ability of remote sensing to distinguish the various salt marsh species and in particular the invasive species were discussed. Major differences in species with various physiognomies could be recognised but problems occurred in separating early colonising from other species at that stage. Further work using multi-seasonal hyperspectral data might assist in solving these problems.

关键词： Spectral multi-seasonal hyperspectral invasive JR re-analysed

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长江口横沙深水港选址及可维护性探讨

楼飞,季岚,陈中,王大伟

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第6期页码 108-112

摘要：

横沙东滩位于长江口拦门沙区域，该区域建设大型挖入式深水港的关键问题之一是港池及进港航道的可维护性。本文从自然水沙特性出发，对港池及其口门选址、港池及进港航道的可维护性等问题作探讨分析。分析结果认为：港池口门位置宜设置在横沙东滩东侧鸡骨礁及以南区域，开口方向宜偏SE向，口门及进港航道均需设置在10 m以深水域，由此港池及进港航道回淤量较小，港池进潮量较大，具有较好的可维护性。

关键词：长江口横沙东滩挖入式深水港选址可维护性

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上海海洋城和深水大港建设的展望

陈吉余,蒋雪中,何青

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第6期页码 11-13

摘要：

上海港的经济区位优越，港口的发展不仅关系上海、长三角，还关系到长江流域、中国沿海乃至亚太和世界航运格局的变化。长江口横沙区域的自然条件经过人工改造具有开发基础，在此论证，是时代发展的需要。利用横沙东滩促淤成陆，建设河口深水大港和新的城区，可以解决上海土地和港航资源开发不足的瓶颈，决定着上海市将在国家建设海洋强国中发挥的作用。海洋新城、深水大港、海洋装备基地的建设，是一个庞大的复杂巨系统工程，除了需要详细的自然条件分析、经济可行性分析、工程可行性分析等，更需要有一个权威的高层设计。

关键词：长江口上海港横沙东滩深水港发展战略

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长江口疏浚土利用的数理优化

周瑜,郑伟安

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第6期页码 54-60

摘要：

在建立国际航运中心的道路上，上海面临着长江口深水岸线及土地达到了近乎饱和所带来的发展壁垒，增加港区已经成为必然。同时政府每年花费大量的资金去疏浚长江口的泥沙，若能充分利用长江口的疏浚土资源吹填到横沙东滩，进行资源整合，借力发展横沙东滩则有望再建一个上海港，其吞吐能力能够满足未来30年的发展需要。该实际问题所涉及的数学模型为Monge-Kantorovich问题。本文以该模型为基础，设计了一个计算吹填所耗费总能量的数值算法，以此来估算整个工程的耗费。

关键词：最优输运问题疏浚土

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利用长江口航道疏浚土进行横沙成陆实施方案研究

唐臣,季岚,贾雨少

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第6期页码 91-98

摘要：

根据长江口航道建设现状以及未来规划目标，结合横沙新港区的规划构想，提出利用长江口北槽深水航道、北港航道、南槽航道疏浚土，进行横沙新港吹填成陆实施方案有关吹泥上滩工艺、疏浚船机等方面的设想，初步分析实施方案的技术可行性和经济合理性，并提出利用航道疏浚土成陆的有益建议。该实施方案研究可为横沙新港成陆或长江口区域类似工程的设计施工提供技术参考。

关键词：长江口横沙东滩航道疏浚土吹泥上滩工艺

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引海水冲刷河口治理黄河下游

林秉南,周建军,张仁

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第4期页码 25-33

摘要：

提出引海水5000～1 500m³/s在利津注入黄河冲刷河口。冲刷后，在利津将产生3.3～7.9m的水面跌差，可制止黄河河口延伸的溯源淤积作用上延，并诱发其上游产生溯源冲刷。估计可使艾山以下河道得到冲深。因挟沙海水的密度大于渤海环境水体的密度，咸浑水进入渤海时可形成异重流，将泥沙输去远方；而且断流期间河口还可能蚀退；因此引海水流量足够时，可使河口不外延或外延缓慢。从长远看，河口侵蚀基准面得到降低后，可以使黄河下游的淤积面均得到降低。这对缓解黄河下游河道持续淤高的局面和减少河口改道的风险都是有利的。

黄河下游额定冲沙水占黄河水资源总量很大比例，大量抽取淡水会增加下游的淤积。引海水冲刷河口，可以增加河口地区从黄河抽取淡水的数量。这样抽取的淡水是冲沙水的一部分，不受用水分配额度的限制，对河口地区的发展具有重要意义。引海水冲刷口门段，可向渤海注入大量咸浑水、有利于改进渤海的环境生态条件。当然，引海水冲刷时须解决河道和引海水渠道的咸水外渗问题。

关键词：引海水冲刷黄河下游悬河水资源利用

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横沙成陆开发与相关规划关系研究

阮伟,楼飞

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第6期页码 79-85

摘要：

为推动上海国际航运中心的建设，本文构想在横沙东滩开展上海深水新港的规划建设，并推动现有港口管理体制和建设机制进行改革，实现新的突破。通过回顾、分析、对比和总结我国各大港口及国外主要港口建设机制的成功经验，从效益及可行性等方面，为构想中的横沙深水新港实施市场化的建设机制提出了建议，同时提出了建设“上海自由港”的设想。

关键词：长江口横沙成陆开发相关规划关系研究

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充分利用疏浚土加快横沙成陆的构想

周海,唐臣,季岚

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第6期页码 30-34

摘要：

根据横沙东滩促淤圈围工程实施情况，并结合长江口水域港口航道工程建设及疏浚土处理现状，剖析利用长江口疏浚土进行横沙成陆存在的主要问题；按照横沙海洋新城建设规划，分析海洋新城成陆的工程规模及泥沙需求，进而提出充分利用长江口疏浚土加快横沙海洋新城成陆的总体实施原则及方案构想，以及相关有益建议。

关键词：长江口疏浚土资源横沙东滩加速成陆

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浦东国际机场东移与九段沙生态工程

陈吉余,李道季,金文华

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第4期页码 1-8

摘要：

浦东国际机场东移建在潮滩之上，少占用了土地，却也影响了长江河口的湿地生态环境。上海市非常重视市政工程建设与湿地环境保护的问题，通过在长江河口的九段沙岛实施种青引鸟的生态工程，补偿湿地被占用而失去的生态功能；在九段沙中沙和下沙共引种芦苇（Phragmite communis）和互花米草（Spartina alterniflora）90 hm²。经过3年连续监测，植物种群生长和扩散良好，鸟类数量有所增长，生态工程取得初步成功。

关键词：生态工程浦东国际机场九段沙长江河口